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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Rōjū</b> (<a href="Japanische_Schrift" title="Japanische Schrift">jap.</a> <span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">老中</span>), auch als <b>Ältester</b> übersetzt, war eines der höchsten Ämter in der Verwaltung des <a href="Tokugawa-Shogunat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokugawa-Shogunat">Tokugawa-Shogunats</a> im <a href="Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> der <a href="Edo-Zeit" title="Edo-Zeit">Edo-Zeit</a>. Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> und seinem Nachfolger gab es nur zwei Rōjū, später wurde ihre Zahl auf fünf erweitert, dann wieder auf vier verkleinert.

</p><p>Für das Amt des Rōjū war ein Einkommen von 25.000 <a href="Koku" title="Koku">Koku</a> Voraussetzung. Beamte mit vergleichbaren Aufgaben, aber geringerem Einkommen, wurden als <i>Rōjūkaku</i> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">老中格</span>) bezeichnet.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pflichten">Pflichten</h2></div>

<p>Die Rōjū hatten klar definierte Aufgaben, die in der Reorganisation der Shogunatsregierung 1634 festgelegt wurden. Ihre Rolle ist mit <a href="Minister" title="Minister">Ministern</a> in modernen Regierungen vergleichbar, allerdings waren die Rōjū nicht einem bestimmten Aufgabenbereichen zugeteilt. Stattdessen hatte jeweils ein Rōjū die Hauptverantwortung, aber dieser Posten rotierte monatlich.

</p><p>Zu den Aufgaben der Rōjū gehörte:

</p>

<ul><li>Die Beziehungen zum Tennō, zum Kaiserhof und zu hochrangigen Äbten</li>

<li>Die Aufsicht über Daimyō mit einem Landbesitz von mindestens 10.000 <a href="Koku" title="Koku">Koku</a>.</li>

<li>Die Formgebung offizieller Dokumente.</li>

<li>Die Verwaltung des direkten Landbesitzes des Shogunats (<a href="Tenry%C5%8D" title="Tenryō">Tenryō</a>)</li>

<li>Münzprägung, öffentliche Versorgung und Belehnung</li>

<li>Aufsicht über Lokalverwaltungen, buddhistische Tempel und Schreine</li>

<li>Kartographie, Statistiken und Archive</li></ul>

<p>Die Rōjū kommunizierten mit dem Shogun über einen Kammerherren, den <i>Soba-yōnin</i>. Die Rōjū gehörten außerdem dem <i>Hyōjōsho</i>, dem obersten exekutiven und judikativen Rat im Shogunat an, gemeinsam mit den <i>Ō-Metsuke</i> und den Vertretern der verschiedenen <i>Bugyō</i> (Kommissionen). Aufgabe des <i>Hyōjōsho</i> war unter anderem, dem Kaiser den Nachfolger des Shogun vorzuschlagen.

</p><p>Teilweise gab es über den Rōjū das Amt des <a href="Tair%C5%8D" title="Tairō">Tairō</a> (Regent), das allerdings nicht immer besetzt war.

</p><p>Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Tsunayoshi" title="Tokugawa Tsunayoshi">Tokugawa Tsunayoshi</a> (1680–1709) verloren die Rōjū allerdings massiv an Einfluss. Der Shogun arbeitete enger mit dem Tairō, dem Kammerherren, und anderen Beamten zusammen. Dies galt insbesondere während der Amtszeit von <a href="Yanagisawa_Yoshiyasu" title="Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu">Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu</a>, der im Rang eines Tairō stand (<i>Tairōkaku</i>), aber nicht berechtigt war, diesen Titel offiziell zu führen. Die Rōjū wurden mehr oder weniger zu Boten degradiert, die nicht die Macht besaßen, selbst Politik zu beeinflussen. So meinte der zeitgenössische Konfuzianer <a href="Arai_Hakuseki" title="Arai Hakuseki">Arai Hakuseki</a>, der Rōjū habe einzig Yoshiyasus Anweisungen weitergeleitet.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auch nach Tsunayoshis Tod erreichten die Rōjū nicht mehr ihre alte Bedeutung. Der Posten existierte jedoch weiter bis zum Ende der <a href="Edo-Zeit" title="Edo-Zeit">Edo-Zeit</a>.

</p><p>Gegen Ende der Edo-Zeit, in der <a href="Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">Bakumatsu</a>-Zeit, spielten die Rōjū <a href="Abe_Masahiro" title="Abe Masahiro">Abe Masahiro</a> und <a href="Hotta_Masayoshi" title="Hotta Masayoshi">Hotta Masayoshi</a> eine wichtige Rolle bei der Öffnung des Landes und den Verhandlungen über die Verträge mit den Kolonialmächten, wie dem <a href="Vertrag_von_Kanagawa" title="Vertrag von Kanagawa">Vertrag von Kanagawa</a> und dem <a href="Harris-Vertrag" title="Harris-Vertrag">Harris-Vertrag</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liste_der_Rōjū"><span id="Liste_der_R.C5.8Dj.C5.AB"></span>Liste der Rōjū</h2></div>

<p><i>Anmerkung: Jeder Amtsinhaber ist nur einmal, mit seiner ersten Amtszeit aufgelistet. Spätere Amtszeiten werden nicht aufgeführt.</i>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Ieyasu">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a></h3></div>

<ul><li>Ōkubo Tadachika (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">大久保忠隣</span>; 1593–1614)</li>

<li><a href="%C5%8Ckubo_Nagayasu" title="Ōkubo Nagayasu">Ōkubo Nagayasu</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">大久保長安</span>; 1600–1613)</li>

<li>Honda Masanobu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">本多正信</span>; 1600–1615)</li>

<li>Naruse Masanari (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">成瀬正成</span>; 1600–1616)</li>

<li>Andō Naotsugu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">安藤直次</span>; 1600–1616)</li>

<li>Honda Masazumi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">本多正純</span>; 1600–1622)</li>

<li>Naitō Kiyonari (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">内藤清成</span>; 1601–1606)</li>

<li>Aoyama Tadanari (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">青山忠成</span>; 1601–1606)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Hidetada">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Hidetada" title="Tokugawa Hidetada">Tokugawa Hidetada</a></h3></div>

<ul><li>Aoyama Narishige (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">青山成重</span>; 1608–1613)</li>

<li>Sakai Tadatoshi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">酒井忠利</span>; 1609–1627)</li>

<li>Sakai Tadayo (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">酒井忠世</span>; 1610–1634)</li>

<li><a href="Doi_Toshikatsu" title="Doi Toshikatsu">Doi Toshikatsu</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">土井利勝</span>; 1610–1638)</li>

<li>Andō Shigenobu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">安藤重信</span>; 1611–1621)</li>

<li>Naitō Kiyotsugu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">内藤清次</span>; 1616–1617)</li>

<li>Aoyama Tadatoshi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">青山忠俊</span>; 1616–1623)</li>

<li>Inoue Masanari (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">井上正就</span>; 1617–1628)</li>

<li>Nagai Naomasa (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">永井尚政</span>; 1622–1633)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Iemitsu">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Iemitsu" title="Tokugawa Iemitsu">Tokugawa Iemitsu</a></h3></div>

<ul><li>Abe Masatsugu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿部正次</span>; 1623–1626)</li>

<li>Inaba Masakatsu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">稲葉正勝</span>; 1623–1634)</li>

<li>Naitō Tadashige (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">内藤忠重</span>; 1623–1633)</li>

<li>Sakai Tadakatsu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">酒井忠勝</span>; 1624–1638)</li>

<li>Morikawa Shigetoshi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">森川重俊</span>; 1628–1632)</li>

<li>Aoyama Yukinari (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">青山幸成</span>; 1628–1633)</li>

<li><a href="Matsudaira_Nobutsuna" title="Matsudaira Nobutsuna">Matsudaira Nobutsuna</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平信綱</span>; 1632–1662)</li>

<li><a href="Abe_Tadaaki" title="Abe Tadaaki">Abe Tadaaki</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿部忠秋</span>; 1633–1666)</li>

<li><a href="Hotta_Masamori" title="Hotta Masamori">Hotta Masamori</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">堀田正盛</span>; 1635–1651)</li>

<li>Abe Shigetsugu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿部重次</span>; 1638–1651)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Norinaga (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平乗寿</span>; 1642–1654)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Ietsuna">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Ietsuna" title="Tokugawa Ietsuna">Tokugawa Ietsuna</a></h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Sakai_Tadakiyo" title="Sakai Tadakiyo">Sakai Tadakiyo</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">酒井忠清</span>; 1653–1666)</li>

<li>Inaba Masanori (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">稲葉正則</span>; 1657–1681)</li>

<li>Kuze Hiroyuki (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">久世広之</span>; 1663–1679)</li>

<li>Itakura Shigenori (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">板倉重矩</span>; 1665–1668, 1670–1673)</li>

<li>Tsuchiya Kazunao (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">土屋数直</span>; 1665–1679)</li>

<li>Abe Masayoshi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿部正能</span>; 1673–1676)</li>

<li>Ōkubo Tadatomo (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">大久保忠朝</span>; 1677–1698)</li>

<li><a href="Hotta_Masatoshi" title="Hotta Masatoshi">Hotta Masatoshi</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">堀田正俊</span>; 1679–1681)</li>

<li>Doi Toshifusa (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">土井利房</span>; 1679–1681)</li>

<li>Itakura Shigetane (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">板倉重種</span>; 1680–1681)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Tsunayoshi">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Tsunayoshi" title="Tokugawa Tsunayoshi">Tokugawa Tsunayoshi</a></h3></div>

<ul><li>Toda Tadamasa (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">戸田忠昌</span>; 1681–1699)</li>

<li>Abe Masatake (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿部正武</span>; 1681–1704)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Nobuyuki (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平信之</span>; 1685–1686)</li>

<li>Tsuchiya Masanao (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">土屋政直</span>; 1687–1718)</li>

<li><a href="Ogasawara_Nagashige" title="Ogasawara Nagashige">Ogasawara Nagashige</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">小笠原長重</span>; 1697–1705, 1709–1710)</li>

<li>Akimoto Takatomo (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">秋元喬知</span>; 1699–1707)</li>

<li>Inaba Masamichi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">稲葉正往</span>; 1701–1707)</li>

<li>Honda Masanaga (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">本多正永</span>; 1704–1711)</li>

<li>Ōkubo Tadamasu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">大久保忠増</span>; 1705–1713)</li>

<li>Inoue Masamine (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">井上正岑</span>; 1705–1722)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Ienobu_und_Ietsugu">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Ienobu" title="Tokugawa Ienobu">Tokugawa Ienobu</a> und <a href="Tokugawa_Ietsugu" title="Tokugawa Ietsugu">Ietsugu</a></h3></div>

<ul><li>Abe Masataka (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿部正喬</span>; 1711–1717)</li>

<li>Kuze Shigeyuki (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">久世重之</span>; 1713–1720)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Nobutsune (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平信庸</span>; 1714–1716)</li>

<li>Toda Tadazane (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">戸田忠真</span>; 1714–1729)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Yoshimune">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Yoshimune" title="Tokugawa Yoshimune">Tokugawa Yoshimune</a></h3></div>

<ul><li>Mizuno Tadayuki (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">水野忠之</span>; 1717–1730)</li>

<li>Andō Nobutomo (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">安藤信友</span>; 1722–1732)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Norisato (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平乗邑</span>; 1723–1745)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Tadachika (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平忠周</span>; 1724–1728)</li>

<li>Ōkubo Tsuneharu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">大久保常春</span>; 1728)</li>

<li>Sakai Tadaoto (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">酒井忠音</span>; 1728–1735)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Nobutoki (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平信祝</span>; 1730–1744)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Terusada (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平輝貞</span>; 1730–1745)</li>

<li>Kuroda Naokuni (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">黒田直邦</span>; 1732–1735)</li>

<li>Honda Tadanaga (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">本多忠良</span>; 1734–1746).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Toki Yoritoshi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">土岐頼稔</span>; 1742–1744)</li>

<li>Sakai Tadazumi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">酒井忠恭</span>; 1744–1749)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Norikata (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平乗賢</span>; 1745–1746)</li>

<li>Hotta Masasuke (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">堀田正亮</span>; 1745–1761)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Ieshige">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Ieshige" title="Tokugawa Ieshige">Tokugawa Ieshige</a></h3></div>

<ul><li>Nishio Tadanao (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">西尾忠尚</span>; 1746–1760)</li>

<li>Honda Masayoshi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">本多正珍</span>; 1746–1758)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Takechika (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平武元</span>; 1746–1779)</li>

<li>Sakai Tadayori (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">酒井忠寄</span>; 1749–1764)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Terutaka (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平輝高</span>; 1758–1781)</li>

<li>Inoue Masatsune (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">井上正経</span>; 1760–1763)</li>

<li>Akimoto Sumitomo (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">秋元凉朝</span>; 1747–1764, 1765–1767)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Ieharu">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Ieharu" title="Tokugawa Ieharu">Tokugawa Ieharu</a></h3></div>

<ul><li>Matsudaira Yasutoshi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平康福</span>; 1762–1788)</li>

<li>Abe Masasuke (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿部正右</span>; 1764–1769)</li>

<li>Itakura Katsukiyo (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">板倉勝清</span>; 1769–1780)</li>

<li><a href="Tanuma_Okitsugu" title="Tanuma Okitsugu">Tanuma Okitsugu</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">田沼意次</span>; 1769–1786)</li>

<li>Abe Masachika (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿部正允</span>; 1780)</li>

<li>Kuze Hiroakira (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">久世広明</span>; 1781–1785)</li>

<li>Mizuno Tadatomo (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">水野忠友</span>; 1781–1788, 1796–1802)</li>

<li>Torii Tadaoki (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">鳥居忠意</span>; 1781–1793)</li>

<li>Makino Sadanaga (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">牧野貞長</span>; 1784–1790)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Ienari">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Ienari" title="Tokugawa Ienari">Tokugawa Ienari</a></h3></div>

<ul><li>Abe Masatomo (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿部正倫</span>; 1787–1788)</li>

<li><a href="Matsudaira_Sadanobu" title="Matsudaira Sadanobu">Matsudaira Sadanobu</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平定信</span>; 1787–1793)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Nobuakira (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平信明</span>; 1788–1803, 1806–1817)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Norisada (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平乗完</span>; 1789–1793)</li>

<li>Honda Tadakazu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">本多忠籌</span>; 1790–1798)</li>

<li>Toda Ujinori (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">戸田氏教</span>; 1790–1806)</li>

<li>Ōta Sukeyoshi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">太田資愛</span>; 1793–1801)</li>

<li>Andō Nobunari (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">安藤信成</span>; 1793–1810)</li>

<li>Makino Tadakiyo (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">牧野忠精</span>; 1801–1816, 1828–1831)</li>

<li>Doi Toshiatsu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">土井利厚</span>; 1802–1822)</li>

<li>Aoyama Tadahiro (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">青山忠裕</span>; 1804–1835)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Noriyasu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平乗保</span>; 1810–1826)</li>

<li>Sakai Tadayuki (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">酒井忠進</span>; 1815–1828)</li>

<li>Mizuno Tadanari (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">水野忠成</span>; 1817–1834)</li>

<li>Abe Masakiyo (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿部正精</span>; 1817–1823)</li>

<li><a href="%C5%8Ckubo_Tadazane" title="Ōkubo Tadazane">Ōkubo Tadazane</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">大久保忠真</span>; 1818–1837)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Norihiro (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平乗寛</span>; 1822–1839)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Terunobu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平輝延</span>; 1823–1825)</li>

<li>Uemura Ienaga (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">植村家長</span>; 1825–1828)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Yasutō (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平康任</span>; 1826–1835)</li>

<li><a href="Mizuno_Tadakuni" title="Mizuno Tadakuni">Mizuno Tadakuni</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">水野忠邦</span>; 1828–1843, 1844–1845)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Muneakira (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平宗発</span>; 1831–1840)</li>

<li>Ōta Sukemoto (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">太田資始</span>; 1834–1841, 1858–1859, 1863)</li>

<li>Wakisaka Yasutada (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">脇坂安董</span>; 1836–1841)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Nobuyori (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平信順</span>; 1837)</li>

<li><a href="Hotta_Masayoshi" title="Hotta Masayoshi">Hotta Masayoshi</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">堀田正睦</span>; 1837–1843, 1855–1858)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Ieyoshi">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Ieyoshi" title="Tokugawa Ieyoshi">Tokugawa Ieyoshi</a></h3></div>

<ul><li>Doi Toshitsura (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">土井利位</span>; 1838–1844)</li>

<li>Inoue Masaharu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">井上正春</span>; 1840–1843)</li>

<li><a href="Manabe_Akikatsu" title="Manabe Akikatsu">Manabe Akikatsu</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">間部詮勝</span>; 1840–1843, 1858–1859)</li>

<li>Sanada Yukitsura (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">真田幸貫</span>; 1841–1844)</li>

<li>Hori Chikashige (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">堀親寚</span>; 1843–1845)</li>

<li>Toda Tadaharu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">戸田忠温</span>; 1843–1851)</li>

<li>Makino Tadamasa (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">牧野忠雅</span>; 1843–1857)</li>

<li><a href="Abe_Masahiro" title="Abe Masahiro">Abe Masahiro</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿部正弘</span>; 1843–1857)</li>

<li>Aoyama Tadanaga (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">青山忠良</span>; 1844–1848)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Noriyasu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平乗全</span>; 1845–1855, 1858–1860)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Tadakata (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平忠優</span>; 1848–1855, 1857–1858)</li>

<li><a href="Kuze_Hirochika" title="Kuze Hirochika">Kuze Hirochika</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">久世広周</span>; 1851–1858, 1860–1862)</li>

<li>Naitō Nobuchika (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">内藤信親</span>; 1851–1862)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Iesada">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Iesada" title="Tokugawa Iesada">Tokugawa Iesada</a></h3></div>

<ul><li>Wakisaka Yasuori (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">脇坂安宅</span>; 1857–1860, 1862)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unter_Tokugawa_Iemochi_und_Yoshinobu">Unter <a href="Tokugawa_Iemochi" title="Tokugawa Iemochi">Tokugawa Iemochi</a> und <a href="Tokugawa_Yoshinobu" title="Tokugawa Yoshinobu">Yoshinobu</a></h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="And%C5%8D_Nobumasa" title="Andō Nobumasa">Andō Nobumasa</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">安藤信正</span>; 1860–1862)</li>

<li>Honda Tadamoto (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">本多忠民</span>; 1860–1862, 1864–1865)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Nobuyoshi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平信義</span>; 1860–1863)</li>

<li>Ogasawara Nagamichi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">小笠原長行</span>; 1862–1863, 1865, 1866–1868)</li>

<li><a href="Itakura_Katsukiyo" title="Itakura Katsukiyo">Itakura Katsukiyo</a> (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">板倉勝静</span>; 1862–1864, 1865–1868)</li>

<li>Inoue Masanao (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">井上正直</span>; 1862–1864)</li>

<li>Mizuno Tadakiyo (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">水野忠精</span>; 1862–1866)</li>

<li>Sakai Tadashige (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">酒井忠績</span>; 1863–1864)</li>

<li>Arima Michizumi (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">有馬道純</span>; 1863–1864)</li>

<li>Makino Tadayuki (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">牧野忠恭</span>; 1863–1865)</li>

<li>Matsumae Takahiro (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松前崇広</span>; 1864–1865)</li>

<li>Abe Masato (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿部正外</span>; 1864–1865)</li>

<li>Suwa Tadamasa (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">諏訪忠誠</span>; 1864–1865)</li>

<li>Inaba Masakuni (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">稲葉正邦</span>; 1864–1865, 1866–1868)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Munehide (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平宗秀</span>; 1864–1866)</li>

<li>Inoue Masanao (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">井上正直</span>; 1865–1867)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Yasuhide (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平康英</span>; 1865–1868)</li>

<li>Mizuno Tadanobu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">水野忠誠</span>; 1866)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Norikata (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平乗謨</span>; 1866–1868)</li>

<li>Inaba Masami (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">稲葉正巳</span>; 1866–1868)</li>

<li>Matsudaira Sadaaki (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">松平定昭</span>; 1867)</li>

<li>Ōkouchi Masatada (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">大河内正質</span>; 1867–1868)</li>

<li>Sakai Tadatō (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">酒井忠惇</span>; 1867–1868)</li>

<li>Tachibana Taneyuki (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">立花種恭</span>; 1868)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anmerkungen">Anmerkungen</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sansom 141</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Screech, Timon. (2006). <i>Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822</i>. S. 242n91. auch als <i>Honda Tadayoshi</i> gelesen</span>

</li>

</ol>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quellen">Quellen</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="George_Bailey_Sansom" title="George Bailey Sansom">George Bailey Sansom</a>: <i>A History of Japan: 1615-1867</i>. Stanford University Press, Stanford 1963, ISBN 0-8047-0527-5</li>

<li><a href="Timon_Screech" title="Timon Screech">Timon Screech</a>: <i>Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns. Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822</i>. RoutledgeCurzon, London 2006, ISBN 978-0-700-71720-0</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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